ITEM 1 and a description of item 1.
States without RTC laws (10 states plus the District of Columbia) contained about one-third (32.8%) of the population and 44.2% of all police JH. With an average of 35 police JH occurring in each non-RTC state while RTC states averaged 7, this means that police justifiable homicides occurred about 5 times more often in non-RTC states.